West's Colorado Revised Statutes Annotated, 1989;13-22-101 to 103.
Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, 1989.
Shanaberger CJ: Escaping the Charge of False Imprisonment. J Emerg Med Serv (JEMS) 1990 Mar;15(3):58-61.
Nixon RG: Restraints and Prehospital Care. Emerg Med Serv 1986 Jan/Feb;15:24,26,46.
Rund DA; Keller MD: To Restrain or Not to Restrain. Emerg Med Serv 1986 Jan/Feb;15:24,46-9.
Northrop CE: A Question of Restraints. Nursing 1987 Feb;17(2):41.
Leisner K: Managing the Pre-Violent Patient. Emerg Med Serv 1989 Aug;18(7):18-20, 23, 26, 28-9.
Simoneau JK: Medicolegal Aspects of Restraint. Emerg Med Serv 1989 Aug;18(7):24.
Richmond PW; Fligelstone LJ; Lewis E: Injuries Caused by Handcuffs. BMJ 1988 Jul 9;297(6641):111-2.
Stratton SJ, Rogers C, Green K: Sudden Death in Individuals in Hobble Restraints During Paramedic Transport. Ann Emerg Med May 1995; 25:5, pages 710-12.
Ambulance transport death results in questioning of techniques. EMS Professionals, July-August 1997;6-8.
Stewart CE: Of Trolls and Control. Emerg Med Serv 1986 Jan/Feb;15:25,52-3.
Bell MD, Rao VJ, Wetli CV, Rodriquez RN: Positional asphyxia in adults. Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 1992;13(2):101-107.
Reay DT: Hog-tied revisited. Charly D. Miller's Restraint Asphyxia Library; http:www.charlydmiller.com/RA/RAlibrary.html; July 1st, 1998.
Miller CD: Chan et al.'s 1997 Restraint Position Article is FLAWED. Charly D. Miller's Restraint Asphyxia Library; http:www.charlydmiller.com/RA/RAlibrary.html; August 1st, 1998.
O'Halloran RL, Frank JG: Asphyxial death during prone restraint revisited. Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2000;21(1):39-52.